Cbse Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Important Questions - Carbon And Its Compounds

Boost your preparation for the CBSE Class 10 Board Exams with this guide on CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Important Questions - Carbon and Its Compounds. It covers vital topics like the properties of carbon, its compounds, and their applications, helping you build a strong foundation for your exams.

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Cbse Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Important Questions - Carbon And Its Compounds

Here are 50 important questions on Cbse Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Important Questions - Carbon And Its Compounds

1. What is the electron dot structure of carbon dioxide (CO₂)?
2. How many structural isomers can be drawn for pentane?
3. Define the properties of carbon that lead to a large number of carbon compounds.
4. What is the formula and electron dot structure of cyclopentane?
5. Draw the structures for ethanoic acid, bromopentane, butanone, and hexanal.
6. How would you name the compound CH₃—CH₂—Br?
7. What are two properties of covalent compounds?
8. Why is a mixture of oxygen and ethyne used for welding instead of ethyne and air?
9. How can you experimentally distinguish between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid?
10. What are oxidizing agents, and can you provide an example?
11. How can you check if water is hard using soap?
12. Define functional groups in organic chemistry.
13. What is the significance of a homologous series? Provide an example.
14. Differentiate between ethanol and ethanoic acid based on their physical properties.
15. Why does micelle formation occur when soap is added to water?
16. Explain why carbon compounds are commonly used as fuels.
17. What happens when hard water is treated with soap, and what is formed?
18. How does soap affect litmus paper?
19. What is hydrogenation, and what are its industrial applications?
20. Which hydrocarbons undergo addition reactions, and why?
21. Describe a test to differentiate between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons.
22. Explain the mechanism of how soaps clean surfaces.
23. What are the uses of ethanoic acid in everyday life?
24. How do structural isomers differ from one another?
25. Describe the process of complete combustion of hydrocarbons.
26. What type of bond exists in carbon compounds, and how does it affect their properties?
27. Explain how carbon forms covalent bonds with other elements.
28. What role do catalysts play in organic reactions involving carbon compounds?
29. Discuss the environmental impact of using carbon-based fuels.
30. How do temperature and pressure affect the behavior of gases produced from carbon compounds?
31. What are the common methods for synthesizing organic compounds from simpler substances?
32. Describe how to identify primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols.
33. What is the importance of functional groups in determining the properties of organic molecules?
34. Explain how esterification occurs and provide an example reaction.
35. Why are some carbon compounds considered greenhouse gases?
36. Discuss the significance of carbon's tetravalency in organic chemistry.
37. How does solubility vary among different types of organic compounds?
38. Explain how to prepare a soap solution from fats or oils.
39. What safety precautions should be taken when handling organic solvents in a laboratory setting?
40. Describe how to perform a bromine test for unsaturation in hydrocarbons.
41. Discuss the role of enzymes in biochemical reactions involving carbon compounds.
42. What are some common uses for sodium bicarbonate (baking soda)?
43. Explain how to identify aldehydes versus ketones through chemical tests.
44. Describe how to synthesize ethyl acetate from ethanol and acetic acid.
45. Discuss the importance of pH in chemical reactions involving acids and bases derived from carbon compounds.
46. Explain why certain hydrocarbons are more reactive than others.
47. How do you determine whether a reaction involving carbon compounds is reversible or irreversible?
48. Discuss how molecular geometry affects the physical properties of organic molecules.
49. What techniques can be used to separate mixtures of organic compounds?
50. Explain why understanding carbon chemistry is crucial for fields such as biochemistry and environmental science.

These questions cover various aspects of carbon and its compounds, including their structures, properties, reactions, uses, and significance in both chemistry and everyday life as outlined in the document provided.

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Carbon And Its Compounds Notes

The chapter “Carbon Compounds” introduces students to the versatile chemistry of carbon and its compounds, highlighting their properties, types, reactions, and applications. Here’s a detailed breakdown of the syllabus:

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1. Covalent Bonding in Carbon Compounds

• Carbon forms covalent bonds by sharing electrons to achieve a stable configuration.

• Covalent bonds are strong and directional, giving carbon compounds distinct properties.

• Example: Methane (CH_4): Carbon shares its four valence electrons with four hydrogen atoms.

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2. Versatile Nature of Carbon

Carbon exhibits:

1. Catenation: The ability to form long chains or rings by bonding with other carbon atoms.

2. Tetravalency: Carbon can form four covalent bonds with other elements like hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and halogens.

3. Multiple Bonding: Carbon forms single, double, or triple bonds (e.g., CH_3-CH_3, C=C, C≡C).

4. Isomerism: Same molecular formula but different structural arrangements.

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3. Homologous Series

A homologous series is a group of organic compounds with similar chemical properties and a general formula, differing by a CH_2 unit.

• Examples:

• Alkanes: C_nH_{2n+2} (e.g., Methane, Ethane).

• Alkenes: C_nH_{2n} (e.g., Ethene, Propene).

• Alkynes: C_nH_{2n-2} (e.g., Ethyne, Propyne).

Characteristics of a Homologous Series:

• Gradation in physical properties like boiling points.

• Similar chemical properties.

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4. Nomenclature of Carbon Compounds

The naming of carbon compounds follows IUPAC Rules:

1. Identify the parent chain (longest continuous chain of carbon atoms).

2. Number the chain to assign the lowest possible numbers to functional groups or double/triple bonds.

3. Add prefixes and suffixes for substituents and functional groups.

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5. Saturated vs. Unsaturated Hydrocarbons

• Saturated Hydrocarbons (Alkanes): Contain only single bonds between carbon atoms (e.g., Methane, CH_4).

• Unsaturated Hydrocarbons: Contain double or triple bonds.

• Alkenes: Double bond (e.g., Ethene, C_2H_4).

• Alkynes: Triple bond (e.g., Ethyne, C_2H_2).

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6. Chemical Properties of Carbon Compounds

1. Combustion:

• Carbon compounds burn in the presence of oxygen to produce CO_2, water, and energy.

Example: CH_4 + 2O_2 \rightarrow CO_2 + 2H_2O + \text{Energy}.

2. Oxidation:

• Alcohols can be oxidized to acids using oxidizing agents like alkaline potassium permanganate (KMnO_4).

Example: CH_3CH_2OH + [O] \rightarrow CH_3COOH.

3. Addition Reaction:

• Unsaturated hydrocarbons (alkenes/alkynes) react with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst (e.g., nickel) to form saturated hydrocarbons.

Example: \(C_2H_4 + H_2 \xrightarrow{Ni} C_2H_6\).

4. Substitution Reaction:

• A hydrogen atom in a saturated hydrocarbon is replaced by another atom or group.

Example: \(CH_4 + Cl_2 \xrightarrow{UV\ light} CH_3Cl + HCl\).

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7. Ethanol and Ethanoic Acid

Ethanol (C_2H_5OH):

• Properties:

• Colorless, liquid, miscible with water.

• Burns with a blue flame to produce CO_2 and water.

• Uses:

• Solvent for paints and medicines.

• Used in alcoholic beverages.

Ethanoic Acid (CH_3COOH):

• Properties:

• Has a sour taste and vinegar-like smell.

• Weak acid, reacts with bases to form salts and water.

• Uses:

• Used as a preservative in pickles (vinegar).

• Ingredient in food and industrial applications.

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8. Soaps and Detergents

• Soaps: Sodium or potassium salts of long-chain carboxylic acids (RCOONa).

• Formed by saponification:

Fat/Oil + NaOH \rightarrow Soap + Glycerol

• Work effectively in soft water but form scum in hard water.

• Detergents: Synthetic compounds, usually sodium salts of sulfonic acids, that work in both hard and soft water.

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Conclusion

The chapter Carbon and Its Compounds explains the unique properties of carbon and its ability to form a wide variety of compounds.

By focusing on important topics with reference to class 10 science syllabus such as homologous series and functional groups, students can gain a comprehensive understanding for the CBSE Class 10 Board Exams.

Referencing CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Important Questions - Carbon and Its Compounds and solving sample papers will aid in mastering this chapter. Thorough notes and practice are essential for exam success.

Other Chapters:

Chapter 1 Chemical Reactions And Equations

Chapter 2 Acids, Bases, And Salts

Chapter 3 Metals And Non-Metals

Chapter 4 Carbon and its compounds

Chapter 5 Life Processes

Chapter 6 Control And Coordination

Chapter 7 How Do Organisms Reproduce?

Chapter 8 Heredity And Evolution

Chapter 9 Light – Reflection And Refraction

Chapter 10 The Human Eye And The Colourful World

Chapter 11 Electricity

Chapter 12 Magnetic Effects Of Electric Current

Chapter 13 Our Environment

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Also Refer:

Class 10 Science NCERT Book PDF

Class 10 Science Sample Papers

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