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Cbse Class 10 Science Chapter 3 Important Questions - Metals And Non-Metals

Class 10

Science

Strengthen your preparation for the CBSE Class 10 Board Exams with this guide on CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 3 Important Questions - Metals and Non-Metals. Explore key concepts like physical and chemical properties, reactivity series, and practical applications to excel in exams confidently.

Cbse Class 10 Science Chapter 3 Important Questions - Metals And Non-Metals

Here are 50 important questions on Cbse Class 10 Science Chapter 3 Important Questions - Metals And Non-Metals

What is a metal that is liquid at room temperature?
Which metal can be easily cut with a knife?
Identify the best conductor of heat among metals.
Name a metal that is a poor conductor of heat.
Define malleability and provide examples of malleable metals.
Define ductility and provide examples of ductile metals.
Why is sodium kept immersed in kerosene oil?
Write the balanced equation for the reaction of iron with steam.
Write the balanced equation for the reaction of calcium with water.
What observations would you make when metal B is added to a solution of copper(II) sulfate?
Arrange metals A, B, C, and D in order of decreasing reactivity based on displacement reactions.
What gas is produced when dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with a reactive metal?
Write the chemical equation for the reaction between iron and dilute sulfuric acid.
Describe what happens when zinc is added to a solution of iron(II) sulfate.
Draw the electron-dot structures for sodium, oxygen, and magnesium.
Explain how Na2O and MgO are formed by electron transfer.
Why do ionic compounds have high melting points?
Define mineral, ore, and gangue in the context of metallurgy.
Name two metals that are found in nature in their free state.
What chemical process is used to obtain a metal from its oxide?
In which cases will displacement reactions take place among given metals and oxides?
Which metals do not corrode easily? Provide reasons.
What are alloys? Give examples of common alloys and their components.
What are amphoteric oxides? Provide two examples.
Name two metals that can displace hydrogen from dilute acids.
Name two metals that cannot displace hydrogen from dilute acids.
What happens when an element reacts with oxygen to form a compound with a high melting point?
Why are food cans coated with tin instead of zinc?
How can you distinguish between samples of metals and non-metals using simple equipment?
Explain why platinum, gold, and silver are preferred for making jewelry.
Why are sodium, potassium, and lithium stored under oil?
Discuss why aluminum is used for cooking utensils despite being highly reactive.
Explain why carbonate and sulfide ores are converted into oxides during extraction processes.
Why do tarnished copper vessels become clean when treated with sour substances like lemon juice?
Differentiate between metals and non-metals based on their physical properties.
Differentiate between metals and non-metals based on their chemical properties.
Describe how rusting occurs and provide two methods to prevent it.
What type of oxides do non-metals form when they react with oxygen?
Explain the significance of reactivity series in predicting displacement reactions.
Describe the process of electrolytic refining of metals.
What role does carbon play in reducing metal oxides during extraction?
How do you balance chemical equations? Provide an example.
Write balanced equations for common reactions involving metals and acids.
Discuss the environmental impact of mining and extracting metals from ores.
Explain why some metals are more reactive than others based on their atomic structure.
How does temperature affect the rate of corrosion in metals?
Describe the properties that make copper suitable for making hot water tanks.
Explain how electrolysis can be used to separate elements from their compounds.
What safety precautions should be taken when handling reactive metals?
Discuss how understanding the properties of metals and non-metals is important in everyday life.

These questions cover various aspects of metals and non-metals, including their properties, reactions, uses, and applications as presented in the document provided, ensuring comprehensive coverage of key topics within this chapter on Metals and Non-Metals.

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Class 10 Metals And Non-Metals Notes

The chapter “Metals and Non-Metals” in Class 10 Science explores the fundamental properties, reactivity, and applications of metals and non-metals. Below is a detailed explanation of the key topics covered in this chapter based on class 10 science syllabus:

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1. Properties of Metals and Non-Metals

Metals:

• Physical Properties:

• Lustrous (shiny), good conductors of heat and electricity, malleable, ductile, high melting and boiling points, sonorous.

• Chemical Properties:

• Metals react with oxygen to form metal oxides (e.g., 4Na + O_2 \rightarrow 2Na_2O).

• Metals react with water to produce metal hydroxides or oxides and hydrogen gas.

• React with acids to produce hydrogen gas (e.g., Zn + 2HCl \rightarrow ZnCl_2 + H_2).

Non-Metals:

• Physical Properties:

• Non-lustrous, poor conductors, brittle, low melting and boiling points.

• Chemical Properties:

• Non-metals form acidic oxides (e.g., C + O_2 \rightarrow CO_2).

• React with hydrogen to form covalent compounds.

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2. Reactivity Series

The Reactivity Series ranks metals based on their reactivity.

• Highly reactive metals: Potassium, Sodium, Calcium, Magnesium.

• Moderately reactive metals: Zinc, Iron, Tin, Lead.

• Less reactive metals: Copper, Silver, Gold.

Reactivity decreases down the series.

Applications of Reactivity Series:

• Predicting metal displacement reactions (e.g., Zn + CuSO_4 \rightarrow ZnSO_4 + Cu).

• Understanding corrosion and metal extraction.

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3. Formation and Properties of Ionic Compounds

Ionic Compounds are formed when metals lose electrons and non-metals gain electrons.

Example: Sodium chloride (NaCl):

• Sodium (Na) loses an electron: Na \rightarrow Na^+ + e^-.

• Chlorine (Cl) gains an electron: Cl + e^- \rightarrow Cl^-.

Properties of Ionic Compounds:

• High melting and boiling points.

• Soluble in water but not in organic solvents.

• Conduct electricity in molten or aqueous state.

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4. Basic Metallurgical Processes

Metallurgy involves the extraction of metals from their ores. The main steps include:

1. Concentration of Ore: Removal of impurities from ore.

2. Reduction: Conversion of metal compounds into free metals.

• Using carbon (smelting): ZnO + C \rightarrow Zn + CO.

• Electrolytic reduction: 2Al_2O_3 + 3C \rightarrow 4Al + 3CO_2.

3. Refining: Purification of the extracted metal.

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5. Corrosion and Its Prevention

Corrosion is the gradual degradation of metals due to environmental factors like air, moisture, or chemicals.

Example: Rusting of Iron:

4Fe + 3O_2 + 6H_2O \rightarrow 4Fe(OH)_3

Methods to Prevent Corrosion:

• Painting, Greasing, or Oiling: Forms a protective layer.

• Galvanization: Coating iron with zinc.

• Electroplating: Coating metals with other metals using electricity.

• Alloying: Mixing metals to improve resistance (e.g., stainless steel).

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Conclusion:

In Metals and Non-Metals, students learn to distinguish between the physical and chemical properties of metals and non-metals, along with their reactivity series.

Mastering these concepts is essential for tackling questions in the CBSE Class 10 Board Exams.

Focusing on CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 3 Important Questions - Metals and Non-Metals and reviewing related sample papers will enhance understanding and exam performance. Consistent revision and well-organized notes are key to acing this chapter.

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